{"id":3569,"date":"2026-04-27T18:41:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T11:41:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smed.petra.ac.id\/?post_type=faculty-post&p=3569"},"modified":"2026-04-27T18:41:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T11:41:01","slug":"pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands","status":"publish","type":"faculty-post","link":"https:\/\/smed.petra.ac.id\/en\/faculty-post\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\/","title":{"rendered":"Pricing decisions for short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain with random yield and random demands"},"content":{"rendered":"

Remanufacturing is a product recovery process that transforms a used product into \u201clike-new\u201d condition. It can extend the useful life of a product and help in reducing waste caused by a huge amount of short life-cycle products.\u00a0Pricing<\/a>\u00a0decisions are an important aspect of successful remanufacturing and can secure the profitability of a firm. Remanufacturing for end-of-use products needs to cope with high uncertainties in terms of the quality and quantity of the acquired product returns. Therefore, after inspection, only a fraction of returns can be recovered through remanufacturing operations. This uncertainty in recovery yield influences the decisions impacting acquisition, wholesale, and retail prices. We propose a pricing model that accommodates the random yield effect of product returns on pricing decisions for short life-cycle products in a closed-loop\u00a0supply chain<\/a>. The system consists of a retailer, a manufacturer, and a collector of used-products. We apply a sequential decision approach to determine the optimum pricing decision to maximize supply chain profit, according to a pricing game that places the manufacturer as a Stackelberg leader. We demonstrate the effect of changing parameter values on the wholesale and retail prices as well as on the profitability. The results indicate that the profitability of each player and the supply chain as a whole is affected by the quality of the collected used products, the acquisition price, the shortage penalty, and the remanufacturing costs. Interestingly, reducing variance of random yield results in lower profit for the collector even though the other players and the whole supply chain are better off.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"template":"","class_list":["post-3569","faculty-post","type-faculty-post","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPricing decisions for short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain with random yield and random demands - Sustainable Mechanical Engineering and Design<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/smed.petra.ac.id\/en\/faculty-post\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pricing decisions for short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain with random yield and random demands - Sustainable Mechanical Engineering and Design\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Remanufacturing is a product recovery process that transforms a used product into \u201clike-new\u201d condition. It can extend the useful life of a product and help in reducing waste caused by a huge amount of short life-cycle products.\u00a0Pricing\u00a0decisions are an important aspect of successful remanufacturing and can secure the profitability of a firm. Remanufacturing for end-of-use […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/smed.petra.ac.id\/en\/faculty-post\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sustainable Mechanical Engineering and Design\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/smed.petra.ac.id\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/02-Logo-Petra-Inter.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"842\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"296\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/faculty-post\\\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/faculty-post\\\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pricing decisions for short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain with random yield and random demands - Sustainable Mechanical Engineering and Design\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-27T11:41:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/faculty-post\\\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/faculty-post\\\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/faculty-post\\\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Beranda\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pricing decisions for short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain with random yield and random demands\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sustainable Mechanical Engineering and Design\",\"description\":\"Inovasi Teknologi Otomotif dan Teknik Mesin Universitas Kristen Petra.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Universitas Kristen Petra\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/02-Logo-Petra-Inter.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/03\\\/02-Logo-Petra-Inter.png\",\"width\":842,\"height\":296,\"caption\":\"Universitas Kristen Petra\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/smed.petra.ac.id\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/mechanical.pcu\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pricing decisions for short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain with random yield and random demands - Sustainable Mechanical Engineering and Design","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/smed.petra.ac.id\/en\/faculty-post\/pricing-decisions-for-short-life-cycle-product-in-a-closed-loop-supply-chain-with-random-yield-and-random-demands\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pricing decisions for short life-cycle product in a closed-loop supply chain with random yield and random demands - Sustainable Mechanical Engineering and Design","og_description":"Remanufacturing is a product recovery process that transforms a used product into \u201clike-new\u201d condition. 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